Steel Tracks and Rubber Tracks: Comparison of Various Factors
Introduction
Tracks are an essential part of heavy construction equipment like bulldozers, excavators and loaders. Traditionally, steel tracks have been used widely but rubber tracks are gaining popularity in the recent times. Let us compare steel and rubber tracks on various performance parameters.
Durability
Steel Tracks and Rubber Tracks are known for their durability as the material is very strong. However, steel tracks can get damaged if struck against a hard object. On the other hand, rubber tracks are less durable than steel but provide some benefits of cushioning against impacts. The rubber absorbs shocks and distributes the load, helping reduce damage. However, rubber tracks may need to be replaced more frequently than steel tracks.
Ground Pressure
Ground pressure is the amount of pressure that is exerted on the ground surface per square inch by the track. Steel tracks have a higher ground pressure compared to rubber tracks. The ground pressure of steel tracks can be as high as 8-10 psi, which can damage soil surfaces. Rubber tracks, on the other hand, have around 2-4 psi ground pressure and are more soil-friendly. The low ground pressure of rubber tracks makes them suitable for working on soggy or sensitive terrain.
Flotation and Traction
Flotation refers to the area of the track that is in contact with the ground. Steel tracks have deep “grousers” or lugs that provide excellent digging ability and traction on soft surfaces. However, their contact area is small. Rubber tracks have a larger ground contact area than steel tracks, which provides better flotation. This allows rubber track vehicles to move efficiently on soft, muddy or swampy grounds where steel tracks may sink. The rubber material also provides superior traction on various surfaces.
Comfort
Rubber tracks are generally more comfortable to operate than steel tracks. The rubber absorbs vibrations better than steel and provides a smoother ride. This increases operator comfort and reduces fatigue over long working hours. Steel tracks, on the other hand, transmit more shock and vibration to the vehicle structure and operator. The jarring is more pronounced especially at higher speeds.
Maintenance
Steel tracks require more maintenance than rubber tracks. The tracks need to be properly lubricated and cleaned on a regular basis to prevent wear and corrosion. Damaged tracks also require replacement of individual links. Rubber tracks are easier to maintain as they do not need lubrication. Minor punctures can also be repaired easily using rubber repair kits. However, rubber tracks have a higher replacement cost when fully worn out.
Cross-country Use
Rubber tracks perform exceedingly well in cross-country conditions and provide unmatched floatation compared to steel tracks. This makes them very suitable for navigating soft, muddy or deeply rutted grounds where steel tracks may sink or get stuck. The superior contact patch area of rubber ensures distribution of ground pressure for moving efficiently in challenging terrains.
Lifting and Transport
Steel tracks are sturdier and easier to handle during lifting and transporting of tracked vehicles compared to rubber tracks. Rubber tracks can develop flat spots if the vehicle is transported on a bed without proper support under the tracks. Steel tracks maintain their shape better without any flat spots. However, modern composite construction of rubber tracks has improved their rigidity making transport easier.
Cost Comparison
Rubber tracks have a higher initial cost than steel tracks of equivalent size. However, their lower maintenance requirements, fuel efficiency and longer service life helps offset the higher initial price over the long run. The cost of replacing worn rubber tracks is also less than replacing steel tracks. Overall, rubber tracks work out to be more cost-effective than steel when considered from a total cost of ownership perspective over the lifetime of the vehicle.
In conclusion, both Steel Tracks and Rubber Tracks have their respective advantages. Steel tracks are more durable but rubber tracks perform better in applications requiring sensitive ground protection, cross-country mobility and operator comfort. A total cost analysis also tilts the scales in favor of rubber tracks for specialized heavy equipment operations. An informed selection depends on the job conditions and performance parameters prioritized by the customer.
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