An optical sensor has a potential to convert light rays into an electrical signal. The optical sensor measures the quantity of light and, depending on the type of sensor, renders it into an arrangement sensed by an integrated measuring device. These sensors are mainly used for contact-less detection, positioning, or counting of parts. They can be also external and internal. External sensors collect and transmit the required amount of light, whereas internal sensors are generally used to detect bends and other minor variations in direction.

Types of the Optical Sensors
Fiber Optic Sensor-These sensors are also known as optical fiber sensors, basically used for sensing elements. Such sensors are used to sense pressure, displacements, vibrations, temperature, and rotations. Fibers have several utilizations in remote sensing because they need no electrical energy at remote places and they are tiny.

Fiber optic sensors are best for diverse conditions, like high vibration, wet and unstable environment, noise, and extreme heat. Such sensors can fit in smaller areas. Slight change in the wavelength can be measured by using a device, optical frequency-domain reflectometry, even the smallest change in light can be detected with the help of this device.

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Image Sensor- It is a device mainly used in embedded digital and standalone cameras and imaging devices. Generally, when light falls on the lens of a camera, the image sensor captures that light ray, alters it into an electronic signal, and then transports it to the imaging device processor, which converts these signals into a digital image.

Image sensors are broadly categorized in two types:
•  Charged coupled device (CCD)
•  Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS)

Difference Between Analog and Digital Sensors
To understand the differences between digital and analog, it’s vital to compare the types of settings and environment for these sensors. Analog sensors are well known for their accuracy. 

The greater effectiveness of digital sensors has forced companies to shift to the latter. With the signal speed limitations and noise issues, analog sensors are becoming less popular in the industry, and the digital ones are taking ascendence.

The need for optical sensors will increase more in the future, due to their application in smartphones, voice assistant devices, smartwatches, and many more.